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elementary mathematics
Elementary mathematics consists of mathematics topics frequently taught at the primary or secondary school levels.
The most basic topics in elementary mathematics are arithmetic and geometry. Beginning in the last decades of the 20th century, there has been an increased emphasis on problem solving. Elementary mathematics is used in everyday life in such activities as making change, cooking, buying and selling stock, and gambling. It is also an essential first step on the path to understanding science.〔Gary L. Musser, Blake E. Peterson, and William F. Burger, ''Mathematics for Elementary Teachers: A Contemporary Approach'', Wiley, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-10583-2.〕
In secondary school, the main topics in elementary mathematics are algebra and trigonometry. Calculus, even though it is often taught to advanced secondary school students, is usually considered college level mathematics.〔Timothy J. McNamara, ''Key Concepts in Mathematics: Strengthening Standards Practice in Grades 6-12'', Corwin Prss, 2006, ISBN 978-1-4129-3842-6〕
==Topics==
According to a survey of the math curriculum of countries participating in the TIMSS exam, the following topics were considered important to the elementary curriculum (years 1-8) by at least two-thirds of the highest-performing countries:〔Schmidt, W., Houang, R., & Cogan, L. (2002). ''A coherent curriculum''. American educator, 26(2), 1-18.〕
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